Sea Surface Salinity Observations from Space with the SMOS Satellite: A New Means to Monitor the Marine Branch of the Water Cycle - The Earth's Hydrological Cycle - page 208

Fig. 10 2010-2012 Monthly averaged seasonal cycle of surface salinity in the eastern tropical Atlantic
derived from SMOS observations
Fig. 11 Times series of (i) the SMOS SSS averaged over the spatial domain (3-14E;10-2S) illustrated
by the black rectangle in Fig. 8 (blue) and (ii) of the Congo discharge level measured at Brazaville (black)
4 Precipitation Signatures in SSS Data from Space
Large vertical gradients can develop in the upper few meters of the ocean after a heavy
rainfall, as first evidenced during the Tropical Oceans-Global Atmosphere Coupled
Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) (Soloviev and Lukas 1996 ;