Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
gravimetry (such as combined GRACE and GOCE) is thus a vital component of a mult-
isensor Earth-observing system, which complements and relates observations of different
Earth system constituents in a common and consistent global framework (Panet et al.
2012
). Being closely related to changes in sea level, ocean transports, glaciers and ice caps,
future mass change observations from satellites (at a 100 km scale not resolved by GRACE
today) have the potential to significantly advance the ability to monitor seasonal-to annual-
to decadal variability in ocean mass transport.
Acknowledgments The work presented in this paper has partly been supported by European Union 7th
Framework Program through the MONARCH-A Collaborative Project, FP7-Space-2009-1 contract no.
242446. In addition, it has been supported by the Research Council of Norway funded projects Number
200408 (SATICE) and number 212020 (GOCE MDT) and the (ESA/NRS) PRODEX project IGOCE,
contract number 90377. The study was also partly funded by the Centre for Climate Dynamics at the
Bjerknes Centre.
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the
source are credited.
References
AMAP (1998) AMAP assessment report: Arctic pollution issues. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Pro-
gramme (AMAP), Oslo, Norway, 859 pp
Andersen OB, Knudsen P (2009) The DNSC08 mean sea surface and mean dynamic topography. J Geophys
Res 114:C11. doi:
10.1029/2008JC005179
Berx B, Hansen B, Østerhus S, Larsen KM, Sherwin T, Jochumsen K (2013) Combining in situ measure-
ments and altimetry to estimate volume, heat and salt transport variability through the Faroe Shetland
Channel. Ocean Sci 9. doi:
10.5194/os-9-639-2013
Bingham RJ, Knudsen P, Andersen O, Pail R (2011) An initial estimate of the North Atlantic steady-state
geostrophic circulation from GOCE. Geophys Res Lett 38:L01606. doi:
10.1029/2010GL045633
Bleck Rainer (2002) An oceanic general circulation model framed in hybrid isopycnic-Cartesian coordi-
nates. Ocean Model 4(1):55-88
Bruinsma SL, Marty JC, Balmino G, Biancale R, F¨rste C, Abrikosov O and Neumayer H (2010) GOCE
gravity field recovery by means of the direct numerical method, presented at the ESA Living Planet
Symposium, 27th June-2nd July 2010, Bergen, Norway; See also: earth.esa.int/GOCE
Bruinsma SL, F¨rste C, Abrikosov O, Marty J-C, Rio M-H, Mulet S, Bonvalot S (2013) The new ESA
satellite-only gravity field model via the direct approach. Geophy Res Lett 40:1-6. doi:
10.1002/grl.
Cazenave et al (2009) Sea level budget over 2003-2008: a re-evaluation from GRACE space gravimetry,
satellite altimetry and Argo. Global Planet Change 65(1-2):83-88
Cheng YO, Andersen and Knudsen P (2013) Evaluation of gridded and along-track altimetric data in the
Arctic Ocean for climate research, submitted to Marine Geodesy
F¨rste C, Bruinsma S, Shako R, Marty JC, Flechtner F, Abrikosov O, Dahle C, Lemoine, JM, Neumayer
KH, Biancale R, Barthelmes F, K¨ nig R, Balmino G (2011) EIGEN-6—A new combined global
gravity field model including GOCE data from the collaboration of GFZPotsdam and GRGS-Toulouse;
Geophysical Research Abstracts, vol. 13, EGU2011-3242-2, EGU General Assembly
Fu L-L, Cheng B, Qiu B (2001) 25-day period large-scale oscillations in the Argentine Basin revealed by
the TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter. J Phys Oceanogr 31:506-517
Furevik T, Nilsen JEØ (2005) Large-scale atmospheric circulation variability and its impacts on the Nordic
Seas ocean climate—a review. In: The Nordic Seas: an integrated perspective. AGU Geophysical
Monograph Series, vol 158. pp 105-136
Gill AE, Niiler PP (1973) The theory of seasonal variability in the ocean. Deep Sea Res 20:141-177
Haines K, Johannessen JA, Knudsen P, Lea D, Rio MH, Bertino L, Davidson F, Hernandez F (2011) An
ocean modelling and assimilation guide to using GOCE geoid products. Ocean Sci 7(1):151-164
Hansen B, Hatun H, Kristiansen R, Olsen SM, Østerhus S (2010) Stability and forcing of the Iceland-Faroe
inflow of water, heat, and salt to the Arctic. Ocean Sci 6:1013-1026
