Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Reverse RTK Data Streaming for
Low-Cost Landslide Monitoring
Etim E. Eyo, Tajul A. Musa, Khairulnizam M. Idris
and Yusuf D. Opaluwa
Abstract This chapter describes the preliminary study of real-time data streaming
in support of the proposed low-cost landslide monitoring system using the Reverse
Real-Time Kinematic (RRTK) technique. The RRTK algorithm was implemented
by streaming raw Global Positioning System (GPS) data of both the reference and
roving station(s) to the control centre for processing, and transmission of the
position solution to the roving station. The main purpose of the data streaming was
to investigate the quality of the measurements, for utilization in landslide mod-
elling and analysis in near real-time. A novel methodology using a high pass
filtering technique was implemented, to detect outliers in the observations. Also,
the autocorrelation of GPS time series was investigated.
Keywords Data streaming
Landslide
Monitoring
Low-cost
GPS
High
pass filter
Autocorrelation
1 Introduction
Landslide is defined as ''the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a
slope'' (Cruden
1991
). Globally, there is an upsurge in landslide occurrence, which
could be attributed to the increasing human activities on the environment (Glade
2003
; Sidle et al.
2004
) and the impact of climate change (Geertsema et al.
2006
).
The consequences of landslides are enormous. Recent landslide disasters in Brazil,
Philippines, China, Indonesia, Pakistan, etc. have destroyed infrastructure, killed
thousands of people, and resulted in heavy economic losses (USGS
2013
). The