Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
6
Total undiscounted
Undiscounted damages
Abatement (limited part.)
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Global temperature limit (°C)
Figure 30.
The temperature target rises with ineffi cient abatement without discounting.
The second case assumes ineffi cient abatement because of limited participation. Again,
curves are the annual costs of emissions reductions (the downward-sloping line), the
undiscounted damages (upward-sloping line), and total costs (the U-shaped curve). This
version assumes no catastrophic damages or tipping points and that future values are
not discounted.
stantially from the idealized case in Figure 29—from 2.9 percent of
income in the fi rst case to 3.8 percent of income in the second case. Most
of the costs in the limited-participation case are damages, paradoxically.
Because abatement has become so expensive, it is economically benefi -
cial to abate relatively little and live with the damages.
