Geoscience Reference
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Buckling
Fig. 4.123 Buckling is another mechanism producing folds, which consists of the application of balanced forces parallel to the layer, which
consequently form a bend produced by the compression. Buckling is the chief folding mechanism in fold and thrust belts in orogenic settings.
The photo shows an satellite view of the Appalachian belt (USA), where several kilometer-scale folds can be distinguished.
Fig. 4.124 Orthogonal flexure.
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