Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Jim Richardson/NG Image Collection
Soil is one of the most important natural resources on Earth and comes in many different forms. This image nicely shows the
relationship between Earth's surface and the underlying soil. Notice the color of the sediment and the plant roots, and con-
sider how water would flow downward. This chapter focuses on the evolution of soils and how they can differ around Earth.
L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S
C H A P T E R P R E V I E W
1.
Discuss the nature of soil and the factors that influ-
ence its development.
2.
Describe the measurable soil characteristics and why
they are important.
3.
Explain the various aspects of soil chemistry and why
they are important for soil fertility.
4.
Define the concept of a soil horizon and explain how
the classic sequence of horizons forms.
5.
Describe the concept of soil classification and differ-
entiate between the various soil orders in a holistic
way.
6.
Explain why soils are important natural resources and
how they are managed in the United States.
What Is Soil?
Measurable Soil Characteristics
Soil Chemistry
Soil Colloids and pH
Soil Profiles (Reading the Soil)
Soil Horizon Development
Soil Science and Classification
African Climate, Vegetation, and Soils
Regional Pedogenic Processes
North American Climate, Vegetation,
and Soils
Human Interactions with Soils
