Maps and Web-based Data - Participatory Mapping: New Data, New Cartography - page 53

- the access to the data, from mere paraphrasing
(transferring text from one place to another) to divergence
(extracting and reprogramming the text) [JEA 08];
- the degree of change: the dialogue between the data and
the map requires more or less substantial changes depending
on the level of matching between the data and the demands
of the map's archi-text.
The criteria above do not necessarily correspond: some
data can easily be accessed (such as data publicly available
on a portal), but nevertheless require considerable effort to
be modified, for example if the data are in CSV format, or
less effort if they are available through an API.
4.1.1. Static data
4.1.1.1. Online text and original text
It is possible to use text from an online search. The
designer of map no. 8, which illustrates the life of the US
president Barack Obama 4 , does not explicitly cite the sources
for his text; however, if the text is searched in Google,
several sites appear to have served as source:
- www.yousigma.com/biographies/barackobama.pdf;
- www.netglimse.com/celebs/pages/barack_obama/index.
shtml;
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate_
career_of_Barack_Obama;
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama.
In J.R. Carpenter's topic, In Absentia (Table 4.1, map
no. 11), it lists the various guest authors who produced text
that was then included in the map:
4 The map numbers refer back to the table showing corpus no. 1 (Table 4.1).