Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
End Notes
1
U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Carbon Sequestration
Through Enhanced Oil Recovery, (March, 2008), at http://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/
factsheets/program/Prog053.pdf.
2
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Emissions and
Sinks: 1990-2010, p. ES-7. The percentage refers to U.S. emissions in 2010; see http://
epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport.html.
3
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report: Carbon Dioxide Capture
and Storage, 2005. (Hereafter referred to as IPCC Special Report.)
4
For more information about carbon sequestration in forests and agricultural lands, see CRS
Report RL31432, Carbon Sequestration in Forests, by Ross W. Gorte; CRS Report
RL33898, Climate Change: The Role of the U.S. Agriculture Sector, by Renée Johnson; and
CRS Report R40186, Biochar: Examination of an Emerging Concept to Sequester Carbon,
by Kelsi Bracmort. For more information about carbon exchanges between the oceans,
atmosphere, and land surface, see CRS Report RL34059, The Carbon Cycle: Implications
for Climate Change and Congress, by Peter Folger.
5
IPCC Special Report, p. 107.
6
See, for example, John Deutch et al., The Future of Coal, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, An Interdisciplinary MIT Study, 2007, Executive Summary, p. xi.
7
See CRS Report R41325, Carbon Capture: A Technology Assessment, by Peter Folger.
8
See CRS Report R42496, Carbon Capture and Sequestration: Research, Development, and
Demonstration at the U.S. Department of Energy, by Peter Folger, for further discussion of
FutureGen.
9
Kevin Bliss et al., ―A Policy, Legal, and Regulatory Evaluation of the Feasibility of a National
Pipeline Infrastructure for the Transport and Storage of Carbon Dioxide,‖ Interstate Oil and
Gas Compact Commission, September 10, 2010, Table 3, http://www.sseb.org/ downloads/
pipeline.pdf. By comparison, nearly 500,000 miles of pipeline operate to convey natural gas
and hazardous liquids in the United States.
10
IPCC Special Report, p. 181.
11
One metric ton of CO
2
equivalent is written as 1 tCO
2
; one million metric tons is written as 1
MtCO2; one billion metric tons is written as 1 GtCO
2
.
12
IPCC Special Report, p. 31.
13
These issues are discussed in more detail in CRS Report RL33971, Carbon Dioxide (CO
2
)
Pipelines for Carbon Sequestration: Emerging Policy Issues, by Paul W. Parfomak, Peter
Folger, and Adam Vann, and CRS Report RL34316, Pipelines for Carbon Dioxide (CO
2
)
Control: Network Needs and Cost Uncertainties, by Paul W. Parfomak and Peter Folger.
14
IPCC Special Report, p. 31.
15
Sedimentary basins refer to natural large-scale depressions in the Earth's surface that are filled
with sediments and fluids and are therefore potential reservoirs for CO
2
storage.
16
Data from 2006. See DOE, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Carbon Sequestration
Through Enhanced Oil Recovery, (March 2008), at http://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/
factsheets/program/Prog053.pdf.
17
IPCC Special Report, p. 203.
18
The Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies Program at MIT, Carbon Capture and
Sequestration
Project
Database,
In
Salah
Fact
Sheet,
http://sequestration.mit.edu/
tools/projects/in_salah.html.
19
IPCC Special Report, p. 204.
