Real-Time Prediction of the Tropical Cyclogenesis Location over Bay of Bengal Using Global Forecast System (GFS) - Monitoring and Prediction of Tropical Cyclones in the Indian Ocean and Climate Change - page 284

Table 1: Physics and dynamics options of GFS T382 and T574

Physics T382L64 T574L64

Surface fluxes Monin-Obukhov similarity Monin-Obukhov similarity

Turbulent diffusion Non-local closure scheme (Hong and Pan, 1996) Non-local closure scheme (Lock et al., 2000)

SW Radiation Based on Hou et al., 2002; No aerosols invoked hourly. Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTM2)

(Mlawer et al., 1997); aerosols included, invoked
hourly.

LW Radiation Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTM) (Mlawer et al., Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTM1) (Mlawer

1997); No aerosols, invoked 3 hourly. and Clough, 1997); aerosols included, invoked

hourly.

Deep convection SAS convection (Pan and Wu, 1994) SAS convection (Han and Pan, 2006)

Shallow convection Shallow convection following Tiedtke (1983) Mass flux scheme (Han and Pan, 2010)

Large scale condensation Large scale precipitation (Zhao and Carr, 1997; Large scale precipitation (Zhao and Carr, 1997;

Sundqvist et al., 1989) Sundqvist et al., 1989)

Cloud generation Based on Xu and Randall (1996) Based on Xu and Randall (1996)

Rainfall evaporation Kessler (1969) Kessler (1969)

Land surface processes NOAH LSM with four soil levels for temperature and NOAH LSM with four soil levels for temperature

moisture (Ek et al., 2003) and moisture (Ek et al., 2003)

Air-sea interaction Roughness length by Charnock (1955); Observed SST, Roughness length by Charnock (1955); Observed

Thermal roughness over the ocean is based on Zeng SST, Thermal roughness over the ocean is based

et al. (1998). Three-layer Thermodynamic Sea-ice model on Zeng et al. (1998). Three-layer Thermodynamic

(Winton, 2000) Sea-ice model (Winton, 2000)

Gravity wave drag and Based on Alpert et al. (1988) Lott and Miller (1997), Kim and Arakawa (1995),

mountain blocking Alpert et al. (1996)

Vertical advection Explicit Flux-Limited Positive-Definite Scheme (Yang et al.,

2009)