Role of Surface Roughness Length on Simulation of Cyclone Aila - Monitoring and Prediction of Tropical Cyclones in the Indian Ocean and Climate Change - page 254

and Zo-50 run showed the maximum intensification before the landfall and
the system crossed the land with reduced intensity unlike observation. The
Zo+50 run predicts the maximum intensity as compared to the others and having
the landfall with peak intensity as observed. Wada and Kohno (2010) also
demonstrated that the impact of higher surface roughness length on intensity is
less as compared to that on track.
Figure 2 gives the model simulated wind structure of Aila at (a) 24 hours
before landfall (T-24), (b) 12 hours before landfall (T-12), (c) landfall (T = 0)
and (d) 12 hours after landfall (T+12) from three experiments CNTL, Zo-50
and Zo+50. Zo-50 experiment could not simulate the strong winds more than
40 m/s except at landfall time (Fig. 2c). However, the structure from Zo+50
run is more realistic than others as it captures the better evolution of intensity
before, during and after the landfall of TC Aila. According to RSMC (2010),
maximum convection was there to the southeast of the system centre in the
lower levels. The wind speed is relatively stronger in the southeast sector of
Fig. 2: Model simulated wind structure (m/s) at (a) 24 hours before landfall (T-24),
(b) 12 hours before landfall (T-12), (c) landfall (T = 0) and (d) 12 hours after
landfall (T+12) from three experiments CNTL, Zo-50 and Zo+50.