Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1.
Pattern of delta soil water fluctuation in three soil profiles.
Dry pattern
West pattern
Soil layer
H-03
H-12
H-13
H-23
S-12
S-13
S-23
S-03
+
Second
−−
+
−
+
−
++
Third
−
+
−−−
+++
Note
: H-03: water losses from all of layers; H-12: from the first and second
layer; H-13: from the first and third layer; and H-23: from the second
and third layer. S-12: gain water into the first and second layer; S-13:
into the first and the third layer; S-23: into the second and third layer;
and S-03: all of layers gain water.
First
+++
−−−
−
4.0
0.0
3.0
4.0
0.0
3.0
Rainfall
Layer-1
Layer-2
Layer-3
Layer-4
Rainfall
Layer-1
Layer-2
Layer-3
Layer-4
Land unit type: Secondaryforest
SoilSub Group:
TypicHapludans
8
1
st
layer: 0-15 cm;2
nd
: 15-58 cm
3
rd
: 58-86 cm;and 4
th
: > 86cm
3.0
3.0
6.0
9.0
6.0
9.0
2.0
2.0
12.0
15.0
18.0
12.0
15.0
1.0
1.0
(a)
(b)
0.0
0.0
18.0
23:42-23:51
05:32-05:41
11:22-11:31
17:12-17:21
23:02-23:11
23:42-23:51
05:32-05:41
11:22-11:31
17:12-17:21
23:02-23:11
Time (LST)
Time (LST)
Fig. 2. In case of H-03 at July 17, 2004, where
ETc
was lowest than other days and
the total ∆
De
was about 1.582 mm/day. (a) Nevertheless, in case of S-03 followed by
extreme rainfall at November 8, 2003, the total ∆
De
was around 7.915 mm/day. (b) In
dry season ∆
De
was dominated by upward SWD, but in the wet season, it was opposite.
Kototabang site, west Sumatra, Indonesia, was utilized.
13
The climatic wet
(November 7-8, 2003) and dry season (July 17-18, 2004) were examined.
In general ∆
De
is from top layer for both seasons and all ∆
θ
fluctua-
tion patterns (see Table 1) always larger than others, which it was around
0.483-3.866 mm/day except for H-03 and H-13 pattern at July 17, 2004.
The H-03 shows that remain water from the third and the fourth layer are
not quiet enough to compensate water lose in the second layer, especially
in the cloudy day and there is no rain (Fig. 2(a)).
3.1.
Water depletion in case of without or light rain
Figure 2(a) also proved that in case H-03 when rainfall appeared around
0.6 mm/day in the night, water touches the topsoil in the ∆
θ
negative fluc-
tuation. It will suppress directly in certain minute water movement upward.
However there is a time lag in the second layer between first time rainfall
