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Fig. 6.
The same as in Fig. 5 except for the radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere.
over Korea, Japan, and the northwestern Pacific Ocean, thereby produc-
ing high radiative forcing at TOA of more than -20 W/m
2
in these regions
(Fig. 6). This implies that there is a significant impact of aerosols on the
direct radiative forcing both at the surface and the top of atmosphere in
the downstream source regions (Figs. 5 and 6).
The fractional contributions of each type of aerosol to the time-area
averaged column integrated total mass, radiative forcings at the surface
and at TOA averaged in the whole analysis domain in Fig. 1 are given
in Fig. 7 for the period from 19 to 22 March, 2002. Averaged total aerosol
mass in East Asia is about 880 mg/m
2
, of which 98 and 2% are attributed to
the Asian dust aerosols and anthropogenic aerosols, respectively (Fig. 7(a)).
Averaged total anthropogenic aerosol mass is about 14 mg/m
2
, of which 42,
27, 25, and 6% are attributed to the mixed aerosol (IOC-OC-BC), inorganic
aerosol (IOC), organic carbon (OC) and black carbon (BC), respectively
(Fig. 7(b)). The mean radiative forcing at the surface (SRF) is about
−
11 W/m
2
, of which 61, 24, and 7% are attributed to the Asian dust aerosol,
