Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1. Comparison of calculated air temperature (
◦
C) to observed one at Kang-
nung city from August 14 through 15, 1995.
Date
Comparison
1200
500
800
2100
0000
0300
0600
0900
8/14 to
Observed
35.0
34.6
33.4
30.0
29.8
27.6
26.5
29.9
8/15
Calculated
35.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
32.0
the coarse-mesh and fine-mesh domains were compared with hourly air tem-
perature measured by Kangnung Local Meteorological Administration. The
air temperature calculated by the model well represents observed ones with
a discrepancy of 5-10% error.
4. Conclusions
As the convergence of sensible heat flux from the ground surface of moun-
tain (or inland coast) toward upper level atmosphere is much greater than
the flux on the coastal sea, sensible heat flux should be accumulated inside
thermal internal boundary layer along the eastern slope of the mountain
and convective boundary layer over the top of the mountain. Then, accumu-
lated sensible heat flux under the influence of sea breeze circulation return-
ing from the mountain top toward the coastal surface should be transported
into the coast, resulting in high air temperatures in the coastal inland and
sea. Very small sensible heat flux divergence occurs in the coast and coastal
sea, but the flux divergences are very big at the top of the mountain and
along its eastern slope. Thus, nocturnal air temperature on the sea and
coastal inland surfaces are not much changed from daytime ones, because
of much more cooling down of the mountain surface than the coastal sur-
face and heat transfer from warm pool over the coast toward the coastal
surface. Thus, as sensible heat flux is not much changed in the coastal sea
for day and nighttime hours, resulting in a very high air temperature, called
tropical night.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Korean Meteorological Administration
for “Gangwon region heavy snowfall prediction skill development from
2002-2006 and by Meteorological Research Institute of Japan through a
visiting research program in 1998. The author wishes to thank Mr. Syunji.
Takahashi, Japan Meteorological Agency and Dr. Milton S. Speer, Bureau
