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Figure 4.3 Llanberis Pass, north Wales. This valley, produced by glaciation,
cuts through various igneous bodies. Scattered erratics lie on the slopes and
valley floor particularly in the middle distance. Photograph by J. Rhodes,
1934. By permission of the Director of the British Geological Survey.
was short, particularly when he had observed marine shells exposed
high above the present sea surface. Ray was a frequent correspondent,
and published a list of plants Lhwyd had collected around Snowdon in
his Synopsis Methodica in 1690. Lhwyd described how he had seen
numerous boulders in the two valleys: 'there are but two or three that
have fallen in the memory of any man now living, in the ordinary
course of nature we shall be compelled to allow the rest many
thousands of years more than the age of the world.'
Here Lhwyd was demonstrating direct evidence that the Earth
was much older than Ussher, Burnet, Whiston or Woodward had
thought, or even dared think. Ray reported this in the second edition
of his Miscellaneous discourses concerning the dissolution and
changes of the World in 1692, but did not exactly agree with Lhwyd,
whose logic he found difficult to follow. Perhaps the boulders were
thrown down the mountain slopes by the actions of the Flood? Lhwyd,
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