Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 8.3 Charles Lyell
(1795-1875). Photograph by
John Watkins, 34 Parliament
Street, London (author's
collection).
southern namesake the following year, and New York and also
Pennsylvania in 1836. The first survey responsible for a complete
country rather than a single state was the Geological Survey of
England and Wales begun in 1835 under the dynamic Henry
Thomas De la Beche (1796-1855), its first Director. The Geological
Survey in Canada began work in 1842; in Ireland operations com-
menced on 31 July 1845; the first state survey in Bavaria, Germany,
began in 1849; the Geological Survey of India began in 1851; Norway
and Sweden 1858; France 1868; the United States 1842; and Egypt
1896. Various museums including the Museum of Economic Geology
in London were also opened around this period. The geologists had
arrived in force.
Given the proliferation of published information from the socie-
ties and surveys, the need to place it in some ordered scheme became a
