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A
B
A
B
(a)
(b)
A
B
B
A
(c)
(d)
FIGURE 12.1 Representation and logical operations for crisp sets. (a) Two circular sets, A and B , in the
rectangular universe of discourse. (b) The union of our two sets. (c) The intersect . (d) The inverse or negation .
(From Fisher, P.F., Fuzzy modelling, in: GeoComputation , Openshaw, S. and Abrahart, R., eds., Taylor &
Francis Group, London, U.K., 2000, pp. 161-186.)
1
1
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
A
B
A or B
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
0
(a)
(b)
1
0.8
0.6
A and B
0.4
0.2
0
(c)
FIGURE 12.2 Representations of crisp sets as cross sections. On the vertical axis, 1 indicates belonging to
the set and 0 not belonging. (a) Sets A and B . (b) The union of sets A and B . (c) The intersect . (From Fisher,
P.F., Fuzzy modelling, in: GeoComputation , Openshaw, S. and Abrahart, R., eds., Taylor & Francis Group,
London, U.K., 2000, pp. 161-186.)
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