Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
The benefi ts of carbon sequestration (equation 13) are calculated by discounting
the annual income from additional carbon sequestration and subtracting the expenses
incurred from harvesting operations and silvicultural production. At the end of a rota-
tion period the harvested carbon is still stored in harvested wood products and will
come back to atmosphere with a delay. This is considered in the factor (θ
i
) which
shares the harvested wood volume to short and long living products (equation 14).
The effective carbon price represents the benefi t which will directly go to the for-
est owner. In equation (16) a factor describing the percentage of the transaction cost
free carbon price is used. A factor
leak
i
is calculated as the average of the percentile
rank from “political stability,” “government effectiveness,” and “control of corrup-
tion” (Kaufmann et al., 2005).
−
1
()
−
R
i
⎣
⎦
F
i
=
f
i
⋅
1
−
1
+
r
(1)
f
i
=−
cp
i
+
pw
i
⋅
V
i
+
B
i
(2)
cp
i
=
cp
ref
⋅
pr
i
⋅
px
i
(3)
⎧
⎪
⎪
0 MAI
i
<
3
(
)
(4)
pr
i
=
MAI
i
−
3
/ 6 3
≤
MAI
i
≤
9
1
MAI
i
>
9
PPP
i
PPP
ref
(5)
px
i
=
pw
max
−
pw
min
pw
max
−
pw
min
px
i
(6)
pw
i
=
pw
min
−
+
⋅
SPd
⋅
SNFs
⋅
99
99
Pd
9
100
⋅
⎧
⎪
⎪
1
+
Pd
≤
100
SPd
=
(7)
10
Pd
>
100
)
∗9
(8)
(
SNFs
=
1
+
1
−
Fs
(9)
(
)
V
i
+
MAI
i
⋅
R
i
⋅
1
−
HL
i
5
MAI
i
>
180 / 10
⎧
⎪
600
−
MAI
i
−
6
⋅
50
(10)
10
180
10
R
i
=
3
≤
MAI
i
≤
⎨
MAI
i
⎪
⎪
140
MAI
i
<
10 / 3
⎩
C
2
W
(11)
MAI
i
= ω
⋅
i
CU
(12)
ω
i
=
NPP
i
⋅
{
(13)
}
(
)
⋅
r
−1
(
)
⋅ 1+
r
⎣
()
−
R
i
⎦
−
()
−
R
i
B
i
=
epc
i
⋅
w
i
⋅
1
−
b
i
⋅
1
−
1
+
r
R
i
⋅
1
−θ
i
