Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
the total length published was more than 50 km. The TF has three main segments
that have different directions. Emre et al. (2005), named these three parts the Catalca,
Orhanli, and Cumali sections, arranged from north to south, respectively. Therefore,
the right-lateral strike slip TF, with its 50 km length (including the undersea segments)
is considered as an active and important tectonic phenomenon of Izmir and its vicin-
ity. On the other hand, TF is the main element that defi nes the paleo-geography of the
region during the Miocene period (Genc et al., 2001). Genc et al. also claimed that
the fault has left-lateral strike slip behavior. To the contrary, some other studies (Emre
and Barka, 2000; Emre et al., 2005; McCluskyet al., 2000) propose that the fault had a
right-lateral strike slip behavior during the Quaternary. The fault plane solutions deter-
mined by Turkelli et al. (1992, 1995) also confi rm this theory. Important earthquakes
within last 2 decades which confi rms the seismic risk of the Aegean Region are shown
in Table 1.
Table 1.
Important earthquakes in the region within the last 2 decades.
Day
Year
Lat.
Lon.
Depth
M
06.Nov
1992
38.16
26.99
17
6.0
28.Jan
1994
38.69
27.49
5
5.2
24.May
1994
38.66
26.54
17
5.0
10.Apr
2003
38.26
26.83
16
5.6
17.Apr
2003
38.24
26.86
6
4.8
17.0ct
2005
38.15
26.54
10
5.8
17.0ct
2005
38.15
26.53
9
5.8
17.0ct
2005
38.15
26.58
17
5.0
20.0ct
2005
38.18
26.59
8
6.0
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Observation techniques, selected equipment, and surveying interval of any project
have to be optimized in terms of several parameters. These optimizations, in general,
are realized to achieve a desired precision. Besides, reliability is also as important as
precision. One should trust not only the results but also the reliability of a network
which can be expressed as mathematical relations. The precision, reliability and eco-
nomical parameters in a geodetic network can be arranged in order to achieve the
optimum solution which is defined as the optimization of geodetic networks (Ayan,
1981). In order to determine the deformation, generally local networks are preferred.
A deforming area is generally covered by a number of control points. These points
constitute a geodetic network and their location or structure is defined by the topographic
