Geoscience Reference
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Figure 3.4 (a) Simple case of home ownership and voter registration. (b) Complex
case of home ownership and voter registration. Source: Arlinghaus, S. L. and W.
C. Arlinghaus. 2001. The Neglected Relation. Solstice: An Electronic Journal of
Geography and Mathematics. Vol. XII, No. 1. Ann Arbor: Institute of Mathematical
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What is important in this case is the composition of transformations: One
transformation followed by another. In this case, the two transformations
involve home ownership followed by voting. When the first is a function,
the composition works well in the real-world interpretation. When it is only
a relation, there is room for serious manipulation that was not present in
the functional characterization. Extra care is appropriate when composing
transformations.
3.1.1.4 Other one-to-many situations
• Quadratic Probing is used to resolve collisions, which are situations
where many pieces of data are initially assigned the same data loca-
tion. This is an undesirable one-to-many situation, as one data loca-
tion cannot store many pieces of data.
• One copy of material may be photocopied according to certain legal
constraints; however, when a “single” copy is sold to many, there may
be copyright infringement; one-to-many becomes problematic when
the transformations of “single copy” and “selling” are composed.
• In the state of Michigan, the same driver license number can be
assigned to two or more individuals. Two individuals with the same
month and day of birth, the same first and middle names, the same
first letter of last name, and initial parts of the last name the same,
have the same Michigan driver license number. For example, James
Edward Smithsonian, born July 1, 1900, and James Edward Smithson,
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