Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 11.2 (continued)
Comparison of Elements in the WWF Meta-Standard Framework for Carbon
Projects with Likely Conditions in Protected Areas
Issue
Details
Protected Area Implications
Long-term.viability
The.IUCN.deinition.of.a.protected.area.stresses.the.
long-term.nature.of.protection.as.a.key.feature.that.
distinguishes.protected.areas.from.other.forms.of.
sustainable.and.nature-friendly.land.use.
Validation.and.
certiication
Validation
Methodologies.for.monitoring.and.assessing.
management.effectiveness.of.protected.areas.have.
developed.rapidly.over.the.past.decade..Some.of.
these.already.address.issues.relating.to.carbon.(for.
example,.monitoring.of.forest.cover.through.remote.
sensing).and.it.would.be.possible.to.integrate.carbon.
accounting.into.existing.assessments,.although.some.
development.work.would.be.needed.
Certiication
Some.protected.area.certiication.schemes.exist,.e.g.,.
the.Pan.Parks.scheme.in.Europe.and.green.
ecotourism.schemes;.others.are.being.developed..
Some.protected.areas.also.use.existing.schemes,.such.
as.the.Forest.Stewardship.Council,.to.certify.forests.
in.protected.areas..Either.approach.could.be.applied.
to.carbon.accounting.under.REDD..There.are.also.a.
growing.number.of.certiication.schemes.developing,.
especially.for.REDD.projects.
Note:
. Some.purely.technical.issues.common.to.all.carbon.offset.projects,.such.as.avoidance.of.double.
counting,.proper.registration.procedures,.and.issuance.and.tracking,.are.not.discussed.
being.created.in.Madagascar—which.is.responsible.for.4.million.t.of.avoided.CO
2
.
a.year..Protected.areas.are.expected.to.provide.triple.beneits.in.the.form.of.carbon.
storage.and.capture,.provision.of.a.range.of.ecosystem.services,.and.biodiversity.con-
servation.(Hannah.et.al..2008)..For.example,.the.Mantadia.forest.corridor.restoration.
project.is.restoring.3,020.ha.of.forest.linking.the.Antasibe.and.Mantidia.protected.
areas.(Pollini.2009)..Habitat.restoration.and.reforestation.together.are.expected.to.
sequester. 111,215. t. CO
2
. equivalent. by. 2012. and. 1.2. million. t. CO
2
. equivalent. over.
30.years..Among.other.beneits,.the.current.protected.areas.are.important.in.ame-
liorating.loods.(Kramer.et.al..1997)..Options.for.exploring.REDD.in.the.context.of.
the. large. protected. areas. program. in. the. Amazon. are. also. being. actively. pursued.
(Ricketts.et.al..2010).
SUMMARY
The.protected.areas.community.has.been.abuzz.with.interest.in.the.interface.between.
protected.areas.and.climate.change.for.the.past.couple.of.years—a.combination.of.
