Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
areas.and.carbon.sequestration.and.storage..Most.discussions.about.REDD.focus.on.
avoiding. forest. loss. in. multiple-use. landscapes,. but. forests. in. protected. areas. also.
offer.important.options..It.is.possible.that.maintenance.of.carbon.stored.in.protected.
areas.in.other.ecosystems,.such.as.grasslands,.peat,.and.wetlands,.could.eventually.
become.eligible.for.funding.under.REDD-type.mechanisms.
p oTenTial a dVanTages of p roTeCTed a reas WiThin redd s Chemes
Well-managed. protected. areas. offer. advantages. for. carbon. storage. and. sequestra-
tion. and. for. REDD.. Individual. attributes. occur. in. other. management. systems,. but.
the. combination. provided. by. protected. areas. is. unique. and. includes. management
objectives ,. governance ,. legal constitution ,. management processes ,.and. evidence of
effectiveness ..Each.is.examined.in.the.following:
Management objectives :. Protected. areas. have. objectives. compatible. with.
carbon. storage.. First,. they. aim. to. protect. and. restore. natural. ecosystems;.
such.ecosystems—particularly.forests.and.peat—provide.good.conditions.
for. carbon. sequestration.. Conversely,. while. tree. plantations. accumulate.
biomass.quickly,.establishment.can.cause.major.carbon.loss;.one.calcula-
tion.found.it.would.take.420.years.of.biofuel.production.on.peat.to.replace.
carbon.lost.in.establishment.(Fargione.et.al..2008)..Protected.areas.are.by.
deinition.set.aside.in.perpetuity.in.that.they.are.based.around.a.commit-
ment.to.permanence..Also,.they.are.supported.by.government.policy,.which.
usually.includes.commitments.under.the.CBD.that.focus.attention.on.pro-
tected.areas,.adding.to.their.protection.
Governance, legal constitution, and safeguards :. As. pre-existing. manage-
ment. tools,. protected. areas. have. deined. borders. that. are. often. legally.
deined. and. physically. marked. out,. delineating. precise. areas. that. can. be.
used.to.measure.carbon.potential..They.operate.under.legal.or.other.effec-
tive. frameworks,. usually. including. systems. for. establishing. and. codify-
ing.land.tenure.agreements.already.identiied.as.REDD.key.requirements..
Most.protected.areas.also.have.an.agreed.governance.structure..Although.
most. protected. areas. remain. in. government. control,. a. growing. number.
are.managed.by.private.individuals,.trusts,. indigenous. peoples,.and.com-
munities.. Protected. area. systems. are. also. backed. by. a. range. of. support-
ive.conventions.and.agreements.including.the.CBD's. Program of Work on
Protected Areas ,. UNESCO. Man. and. the. Biosphere. and. World. Heritage,.
the. Ramsar. Convention. on. Wetlands,. plus. regional. agreements. like. the.
European.Union's.Natura.2000..Many.protected.area.managers.have.expe-
rience. in. implementing. accessible,. local. approaches. involving. people. in.
management.
Management processes in protected areas :.These.contain.elements.partic-
ularly. useful. in. applying. REDD,. including. that. they. have. organized. and.
populated.data.sources.to.set.baselines.and.facilitate.monitoring..Existing.
tools. include. the. IUCN. management. categories,. governance. types. and.
Red. List,. and. the. UNEP. World. Conservation. Monitoring. Center's. World.
Database.on.Protected.Areas..An.increasing.number.of.protected.areas.also.
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