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30.2 m
Fig. 16.13. Restoration method applied tothe Hanshin Express Highway
9.2.2. Hanshin Expressway (partially quoted from JGS, 2004; Yasuda, 2005b)
On the Hanshin Expressway, many pile foundations of elevated bridges were damaged
due to liquefaction-induced flow during the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The damaged foun-
dationswererestoredbyaddingpilesandimprovingthesoil.Cast-inplaceconcrete-steel
composite piles with a diameter of 3m were constructed around the existing footings, as
shown inFigure16.13. Then additional footings were constructed.
10. Concluding remarks
Remediationmethodsagainstliquefactionwhichcanbeappliedtoexistingstructuresare
introduced in this paper. The remediation of old structures is very important because a
huge number of these structures have not been treated against liquefaction. More reme-
diation methods for existing structures must be developed. In the design of remedia-
tion methods for existing structures, it is desired to introduce performance-based design
methods.
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