Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Well
Low permeable wall
(2) Densification or solidification by
bore holes drilled through floor
(1) Dewatering by wells
(3)
Chemical grouting from inclined bore
holes excavated around a tank
(4) Surrounding steel sheet pile
Pile
(5) Installation of piles around house
Fig. 16.2. Remediation methods for existing raft foundations
4.2.2. Fisherman's Wharf (partially quoted from TC4, 2001)
Compaction grouting was performed at the Fisherman's Wharf Pier 45 after it was dam-
aged by liquefaction-related ground deformations during the 1989 Loma Prieta earth-
quake.Theremediationoptionsthatwereconsideredincludesinstallingpilefoundations
where the shed were founded on fill, vibro-compaction or deep densification of the fill
if the sheds were to be removed, and compaction grouting of the fill if the shed were to
be maintained. Compaction grouting had the advantage of being least disruptive to this
populartouristattractionandbeingworkablewithintheconfinesofthesheds.Thedesign
objectivewastomitigatethepotentialforcatastrophicfailureofthestructureandseawall
due to liquefaction of thefill during the design earthquake.
4.2.3. The Yokohama Customs Building (partially quoted from Kaneko et al., 2003)
The Yokohama Customs Building was constructed in 1923 and was repaired in 2001. A
thicksoillayerestimatedtobeliquefiablelayerunderlaidthebuildinganditsbottomwas
