Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER 13
SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF GEOTECHNICAL STRUCTURES
Susumu Iai and Tetsuo Tobita
Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan
iai@geotech.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp; tobita@geotech.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Abstract.
Thepaperdiscussestheemergingtrendsinseismicanalysisanddesignofgeotechnical
structures. Soil consists of soil particles. The fundamental study on this aspect of soil has come to
the stage where the results of the study can be readily incorporated as an essential part of seismic
analysis of soil-structure systems. Geotechnical earthquake engineers and researchers are encour-
aged to look into this fundamental study. By expanding the concept of performance-based design,
a paradigm shift can be achieved from construction-oriented to service-oriented approach. The
service-oriented approach will open a new horizon for design and promote the holistic approach
for providing better designed built-environment. Designing a large urban area against combined
hazards, such as those caused by the Sumatra earthquake of 2004, poses a new challenge in seis-
mic design. The approach that is most appropriate for a large urban area may be different from
those used for the current practice design used for individual structure and should be newly devel-
oped.Theseemergingtrendsinseismicdesignhavetobeextensivelystudiedandcarefullyapplied
in practice, especially for designing new and large geotechnical structures that have to meet the
rapidly growing social and economic demands in Asia and those for redevelopment of urban areas
around the world.
1. Introduction
Geotechnical structures typically consist of soil and structural parts such as buried
structures (e.g. buried tunnels, box culverts, pipelines, and underground storage facili-
ties),foundations(e.g.shallowanddeepfoundationsandundergrounddiaphragmwalls),
retaining walls (e.g. soil retaining and quay walls), pile-supported wharves and piers,
earth structures (e.g. earth and rockfill dams and embankments), gravity dams, landfill
and waste sites. Seismic performance of geotechnical structures is significantly affected
by ground displacement. In particular, soil-structure interaction and effects of liquefac-
tion play major rolesand pose difficult problems for engineers.
Objectiveofthispaperistoreviewhowtheseproblemshavebeendealtwithintherecent
developmentofseismicanalysisanddesign.Inthepreviousreview(Iai,1998),whenthe
effective stress analysis began to be applied to seismic design in practice, it was decided
best to begin by discussing the essential stress-strain behavior of soil under cyclic load-
ing rather than going into the details in the mechanics of assemblage of soil particles.
Almost a decade has passed since then. Extensive developments have been made in
