Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 1.1. Schematic of void redistribution inaconfined sandlayer due to upward
seepage driven by earthquake-induced excess pore water pressure gradients
(after Whitman, 1985)
Fig. 1.2. Centrifuge model showing localized deformations beneath asiltlayer
inasaturated sand slope due toliquefaction-induced voidredistribution
(Malvick et al.,2004)
severalfactorsthatsignificantlyaffectthevoidredistributionphenomenon.Forexample,
the photograph in Figure 1.2 shows slope deformations that developed in a centrifuge
model of a saturated sand slope because of void redistribution-induced loosening and
strength loss in the sand immediately beneath a low-permeability silt layer. Seed (1987)
