Geoscience Reference
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(c) Some wooden structures are destroyed and flooded. Most brick buildings have
survived.
VII. Damaging
(a) Most people are frightened and try to run away onto elevations.
(b) Most light vessels are damaged. Some large vessels undergo significant vibra-
tions. Objects of varying dimensions and stability (strength) are overturned
and shifted from their positions. The wave leaves layers of sand and accumu-
lates pebbles. Some floating structures are washed away to sea.
(c) Many wooden structures are damaged, some are totally wiped away or carried
out to sea by the wave. Destructions of first degree and flooding of some brick
buildings.
VIII. Heavily damaging
(a) All people run up elevations, some are carried out to sea by the wave.
(b) Most light vessels are damaged, many are carried away by the wave. Some
large vessels are carried upshore and undergo collisions with each other. Large
objects are washed away. Also Erosion and littering of the coast, widespread
flooding and insignificant damage in antitsunami plantations of trees. Many
floating structures are carried away by the wave, some are partially damaged.
(c) Most wooden structures are carried away by the wave or completely wiped
of the earth's surface. Destructions of second degree in some brick buildings.
Most concrete buildings are not damaged, some have undergone destruction
of first degree and flooding.
IX. Destructive
(a) Many people are carried away by the wave.
(b) Most light vessels are destroyed and carried away by the wave. Many large
vessels are carried inland over large distances, and some are destroyed. There
is also Broad erosion and littering of the coast, local subsidence of the ground
and partial destruction of antitsunami plantations of trees. Most floating struc-
tures are carried away, and many are partially damaged.
(c) Destructions of third degree in many brick buildings. Some concrete buildings
have undergone destructions of second degree.
X. Very destructive
(a) General panic. Most people are carried away by the wave.
(b) Most large vessels are carried inland over large distances, many are destroyed
or have undergone collisions with buildings. Small rocks (pebbles, stones)
have been carried onshore from the sea-floor. Vehicles are overturned and
displaced. Petroleum is spilt, there are fires and widespread subsidence of
ground.
(c) Destructions of fourth degree in many brick houses, some concrete buildings
have undergone destructions of third degree. Artificial dams (embankments)
are destroyed and harbour wavebreakers damaged.
