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(km)
Fig. 4.15 Size of cavity (depth and diameter), produced in water by a falling meteorite, versus
the meteorite's radius (Adapted from [Ward, Asphaug (2002)])
M
Fig. 4.16 Shape of cavity formed in water by a falling meteorite: comparison of results of nu-
merical simulation [Crawford, Mader (1998)] and of idealized model (formula (4.36) with account
of relations (4.41) and (4.43)). Calculations are performed for a time moment of 25 s, an asteroid
diameter of 500 m, a fall velocity of 20 km/s, a density of 3.32 g/cm
3
and ocean depth of 5 km
(Adapted from [Ward, Asphaug (2000)])
Owing to dispersion and dissipation, the short-wave components making up the ex-
ternal circular structure will not play any noticeable role at large distances from
the source.
At the next stage we must describe the evolution of waves from the initial per-
turbation (4.36), generated by the celestial body. We assume that at the moment,
when the cavity and circular swell behind it have formed, the velocity of motion of
