Fundamental Engineering Concepts - Mathematics and Statistics for the Environment - page 242

Force

Force Force

FIGURE 11.12 Bending strength (stress) is a combination of tensile strength and compressive strength.

FIGURE 11.13 Torsional strength is the ability of a metal to withstand twisting forces.

Force

Force

FIGURE 11.14 Sheer strength determines how well a member can withstand two equal forces acting in
opposite directions.

Bending strength— Resistance to forces causing a member to bend or deflect in the direction
in which the load is applied; it is actually a combination of tensile and compressive stresses
(see Figure 11.12).
Torsional strength— Resistance to forces causing a member to twist (see Figure 11.13).
Shear strength— Resistance to two equal forces acting in opposite directions (see Figure 11.14).
Fatigue strength— Resistance to various kinds of rapidly alternating stresses.
Impact strength— Resistance to loads that are applied suddenly and often at high velocity.
Ductility— Ability of a metal to stretch, bend, or twist without breaking or cracking.
Hardness— Property in steel that resists indentation or penetration.
Brittleness— A condition whereby a metal will easily fracture under low stress.
Toughness— May be considered as strength, together with ductility. A tough material can
absorb large amounts of energy without breaking.
Malleability— Ability of a metal to be deformed by compression forces without developing
defects, such as forces encountered in rolling, pressing, or forging.
Mechanical overload —Failure or fracture of a product or component in a single event.