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denominator is the number of live births reported during the same time period. The postneonatal
mortality rate is usually expressed per 1000 live births. In 2003, the postneonatal mortality rate in
the United States was 2.3 per 1000 live births (WISQARS, 2012).
8.4.1.7 Maternal Mortality Rate
The maternal mortality rate is really a ratio used to measure mortality associated with pregnancy.
The numerator is the number of deaths during a given time period among women while pregnant or
within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy,
from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management, but not from acci-
dental or incidental causes. The denominator is the number of live births reported during the same
time period. Maternal mortality rate is usually expressed per 100,000 live births. In 2003, the U.S.
maternal mortality rate was 8.9 per 100,000 live births (WISQARS, 2012).
8.4.1.8 Sex-Specific Mortality Rate
A sex-specific mortality rate is a mortality rate on either males or females. Both numerator and
denominator are limited to the one sex.
8.4.1.9 Race-Specific Mortality Rate
A race-specific mortality rate is a mortality rate related to a specified racial group. Both numerator
and denominator are limited to the specified race.
8.4.1.10 Combinations of Specific Mortality Rates
Mortality rates can be further stratified by combinations of cause, age, sex, and/or race. For exam-
ple, in 2002, the death rate from diseases of the heart among women ages 45 to 54 years was 50.6
per 100,000. The death rate from diseases of the heart among men in the same age group was 138.4
per 100,000, or more than 2.5 times as high as the comparable rate for women. These rates are a
cause-, age-, and sex-specific rates, because they refer to one cause (diseases of the heart), one age
group (45 to 54 years), and one sex (female or male).
8.4.1.11 Calculating Mortality Rates
Table 8.5 provides the number of deaths from all causes and from accidents (unintentional injuries)
by age group in the United States in 2002. In the following, we present various rates and demon-
strate how to calculate each using the data provided in Table 8.5.
• Unintentional-injury-speciic mortality rate for the entire population (cause-speciic mor-
tality rate):
Number of unintentionalinjurydeaths
in theentire population
Estimatedmid-year population
Rate
=
×
100 000
,
106 742
288 356 000
,
=
×
100
000
,
,
=
37 0
.
unintentional-injury-relateddeathsper 100,000 population
• All-cause mortality rate for 25- to 34-year-olds (age-speciic mortality rate):
Number of deaths fromall causesamong
25- to 34-year-olds
Estimated mid-year poulationof 25- to 34-year-olds
Rate
=
×
100 000
,
, 55
39 928 000
41 3
=
×
100 000
,
,
,
=
103 6
.
deaths per 100,000 25- to 34-year-olds
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