References - Volcano: Nature and Culture - page 177

2 Lynne Green, W . Barns-Graham: A Studio Life (London, 2001),
p. 246.
3 Norman Lewis, Naples '44 (Glasgow, 1978), p. 104; entry for 22
March.
4 Ilana Halperin, Field Diary, Hawaii (2008),
www.ilanahalperin.com; personal communication.
3 'A Horrid Inundation of Fire'
1 Pliny the Elder, Natural History , book ii, 236 and iii, 92, in Pliny
the Elder, Natural History - A Selection , trans. John F. Henley
(Harmondsworth, 1991).
2 Pliny the Younger to Cornelius Tacitus, in The Letters of the Younger
Pliny , ed. Betty Radice (Harmondsworth, 1963), p. 166.
3 Ibid., p. 172.
4 Strabo, The Geography of Strabo , book 5, ch. 4, trans. H. L. Jones
(Cambridge, ma, 1931), vol. i, para 8.
5 Alwyn Scarth and Jean-Claude Tanguy, Volcanoes of Europe (Fairfax,
va, 2001), pp. 51-69.
6 Benedeit, 'St Brendan's Voyage', ch. 24, ll. 1420-28.
7 Flatey Book ['Flat Island Book']. Sigurdur Thorarinsson, Hekla:
A Notorious Volcano (Reykjavík, 1978).
8 Uno von Troil, Letters on Iceland, containing Observations ... made
during a Voyage undertaken in the year 1772 by Joseph Banks ...
Dr Solander, Dr J . Lind, Dr Uno von Troil . . . (London, 1780),
p. 226. The first recorded eruption in Iceland (in the ninth century)
produced a stretch of lava 14 km (9 miles) long by 4 km (2½ miles)
wide, ibid., p. 225.
9 I am most grateful to Professor Oswyn Murray for his translation
of the lines by Neckam. The Latin is as follows:
Si tamen esse nigram terram, tria caetera censes
Candida, non deerunt qui tueantur idem .
Sed quid? Vulcano dat visus in esse ruborem,
Respondent, sed quid aicit ille rubor?
Materiam flammamque potens connectit in unum
Naturae virtus, rebus amica comes .
Alexander Neckam, De Laudibus Divinae Sapientiae , 4, ll. 49-54,
from De Naturis Rerum and De Laudibus Divinae Sapientiae:
Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland during the
Middle Ages , ed. Thomas Wright (London, 1863), p. 421.
10 Henry Oldenburg, secretary of the Royal Society, to Thomas
Harpur at Aleppo, north Syria, 22 May 1668; A. R. Hall and M. B.