Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
- 1916 Flood disaster South Sea; start of the project Closure Dike.
- 1916 Fellenius designs a circular slip method for the determination of slope
stability, after a large quay wall collapse in Gothenbourg. His method has been
improved by Taylor, Bishop, Morgenstern, Price, Spencer, and Janbu.
- 1916 A phosphate factory in Amsterdam is founded on hollow concrete piles (de
Waal pile).
- 1917 Weight cone penetration test (Sweden).
- 1917 Westergaard considered elastic pile top displacement.
- 1918 Failure of the railway embankment in Weesp (41 killed). This catastrophe
leads to the installation of a committee on the bearing capacity of soil with
members Lely, Hackstroh, van den Thoorn and Keverling Buisman. In 1924, the
committee installed three sub-commissions. Keverling Buisman is chairman of
the sub-commission for Theoretical Approach of Bearing Capacity of Building
Ground and Soil, and member of the sub-commission Investigation of Methods
for Experimental Research of Bearing Capacity of Building Grounds.
- 1919 Albert Sybrandus Keverling Buisman (1890-1944) becomes professor in
applied mechanics at the Technical University Delft (at the age of 29). He starts
the Dutch research of mechanical behaviour of soils. Two of his contributions
catch the eye: the creep law for soft soil and the cell test (Fig 1.10), which has
been replaced by the triaxial test around 1990. His research was so useful, that
assignments from practice increased beyond his capacity. This led to the
foundation of the Dutch Laboratory of Soil Mechanics in 1934. Keverling
Buisman did not survive WWII.
Figure 1.10 The cell test apparatus of Keverling Buisman
- 1920 Discovery of the effect of negative friction on piles.
- 1920 Prandtl's wedge, a theory for strip loading.
1924 After WWI von Kármán took the initiative to organise the First
International Congress on Applied Mechanics in Delft, where under leadership of
Biezeno and Burgers some selected lectures and about 50 papers illustrated the
advancements in the field of applied mechanics and mathematics. The world's first
'scientific society' was founded (IUTAM). It became a blueprint of the new
manner of knowledge exchange. Under the more than 200 participants (the French
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