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property of the town formed a symbol for the prosperity and success. There was a
competition between cities for the tallest.
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Figure 1.5 Land reclamation a process of centuries
In Europe a small elite of talented and renowned architects built the monumental
castles, pompous churches, rich palaces and massive monasteries. These artists met
regularly and exchanged their ideas on new construction methods, because a failure
would also destroy a career. Building assignments always were a challenge, as
through these principals looked for eternal respect and remembrance.
Figure 1.6a Historic raft foundation Figure 1.6b Oblique towers in Holland
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