Identification of the Lagoon Ecosystems - Coastal Lagoons: Ecosystem Processes and Modeling for Sustainable Use and Development - page 23

C 1

C 2

2.5 × 10 2

E a

P p P p

C

5 × 10 5

10 3

DOC

50 R

2.5 ×

a.

E ch
E ch << E a

Ppb Ppn

P p = primary producers
C = consumers
R = cost of maintenance

POC

P p

C 1 C 2

b.

~50% ~70% ≥ 80%

R 1 R 2

R

P p

C 2

C 1

c.

C 2

d.

P p

C 1

FIGURE 2.7 Energy flow through ecosystems. a. A general view of the trophodynamic structure of the ecosystems
showing the three types of food chains and the average density of energy flow. Values represent the average density
flows in kcal ⋅ m −2 ⋅ y −1 . E i = incident solar energy at the land and ocean surface; E a = absorbed solar energy by primary

producers (Pp); E conc = concentrated or assimilated energy, Ppb = gross primary production; P pn = net primary production;