Decision Making for Sustainable Use and Development - Coastal Lagoons: Ecosystem Processes and Modeling for Sustainable Use and Development - page 357

total quality management (TQM), demonstrate the integrated planning process with
internal accountability.

8.6 PLAN DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION

THROUGH INFRASTRUCTURE—
THE INTEGRATION PROCESS

Who should be involved in the development and implementation of a sustainable
management plan? What are the main components of the socio-economic infrastruc-
ture that need to be involved?
To answer this question, the decision maker should inventory and evaluate:

• Existing and potential organizational units of existing infrastructures
• Levels of government and community units
• Private and public entities and interrelationships
• Stakeholders' structure, interests, and resources
•

Each unit's potential effect on the lagoon

A plan should be viewed as a product and a process, both leading to the agreed-
upon goals and objectives. It is important to consider and involve the entities and
stakeholders that can implement this plan and advance to sustainable management.
One should begin with an inventory that includes all the local, regional, national,
and international entities that have authority or impact or are impacted by the
lagoon in any way. An inclusive approach, viewing all entities that affect the lagoon
as “partners,” provides for “common ground” and enlists more support and funding
to accomplish the goal of sustainability. An inclusive format is important for
effective information sharing and task assignments. The more input and partners,
the more agreement (“buy-in”) and informed consent for the common vision.
Encouraging such groups as fisheries cooperatives, tourism associations, building
associations, and agricultural cooperatives to reevaluate their organization's mis-
sion and strategic plan objectives to now include and integrate the philosophy of
the ILSMP is necessary and helpful. This should be an objective of the planning
process.
Accountability has traditionally been accomplished through regulations; how-
ever, a wide range of new, voluntary incentives should also be pursued to encourage
new partners to contribute to the common cause of lagoon sustainability and see
the economic benefits to them as well. Once a list of participants has been
compiled, a strong effort to include their input should be made on a regular basis.
Each stakeholder should be encouraged to develop a specific plan to integrate the
overall goals and objectives of the plan into its own operations. Critical stakehold-
ers, or those who have a significant effect on the lagoon system or area's economy,
should have accountability or incentives built into the overall plan to ensure
appropriate progress. In these cases, they should develop specific, quantifiable
goals and objectives that will be evaluated on a regular basis as part of the overall
plan.