Decision Making for Sustainable Use and Development - Coastal Lagoons: Ecosystem Processes and Modeling for Sustainable Use and Development - page 352

transportation, urban land use, and land ownership. Fiscal impacts are dependent
upon many of the public service and social impacts. Quality of life impacts represent
a composite of public service, social, and fiscal impacts.
A suggested conceptual approach to SIA is similar to the traditional methods
and process in EIA. The following steps represent such an approach:

1. Identification of potential socio-economic impacts

2. Preparation of description of existing socio-economic conditions

3. Procurement of relevant standards, criteria, or guidelines

4. Impact prediction for project action vs. no-action alternatives

5. Assessment of socio-economic impact significance

6. Identification of mitigation measures

Another basic approach to develop an SIA complies with the CEQ regulation
inclusions and addresses the following issues of proposed project impacts:

1. Public involvement

2. Identification of alternatives

3. Baseline condition

4. Scoping

5. Projection of estimated effects

6. Predicting response to impacts

7. Indirect and cumulative impacts

8. Changes in alternatives

9. Mitigation

10. Monitoring

This process encourages the development of an effective public involvement
plan to assess direct and cumulative impacts and the changes predicted from each
alternative as well as to monitor the effects of each. This process also encourages
the use of comparative methods to study the impacts in a community where an
environmental impact has occurred and then extrapolate from that existing example
of similar conditions what might be comparable and relevant in the proposed project.
Both of the above approaches to an SIA require four basic components, which
are key to any SIA:

1. Identification of potential socio-economic impacts and the region of interest

(scoping)
Similar projects and SIA examples can be used for comparison pur-
poses to help determine the potential factors to consider. Analyzing the
results of the existing, relevant public involvement, and baseline condi-
tion studies can assist in determining potential impacts. The use of such
tools as matrices, models, and listing is recommended.
A general list of SIA factors has been developed by Canter 64 and
includes demographic impacts, impacts on society, social conflicts
between inhabitants and visitors, impacts on infrastructure, and the
changes in individual and family life. The Canadian Environmental Impact