Identification of the Lagoon Ecosystems - Coastal Lagoons: Ecosystem Processes and Modeling for Sustainable Use and Development - page 9

The development of theory focused on the concept
of the hierarchical organization of the natural,
physical, chemical, and biological environment
as well as on that which humankind dominated
and created.

SYSTEMS
ECOLOGY System identification and dynamics of productivity

and carrying capacity are the main objectives.
Modeling and systems analysis are the basic tools.

The development of theory was focused
on a concept of ecosystems that recognized
the strong relationships between biocoenoses
and physical and chemical environments
(biotops). The identification of real entities
was focused mainly on biocoenoses.
Sectoral and reductionist approach still
prevail.

DIVERSITY/
STABILITY

BIOGEOCHEMICAL
CYCLES

ENERGETICS

ECOSYSTEMS ECOLOGY

STRUCTURE

The development of theory was focused on concepts
dealing with individuals, cohorts, populations/
species, plant associations, animal associations,
and biocoenoses. Intra- and inter-specific
relationships as well as the relationships between
“organisms and abiotic factors” have been the
main tasks.
The identification of real entities was neglected,
and the sectoral approach has prevailed.

SINECOLOGY

AUTECOLOGY

BIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY

Occurrence and
development of premises

Haeckel 1868
(year of the birth of the science of ecology)

1700 1800 1850 1900 1930 1960 1990