Biogeochemical Cycles - Coastal Lagoons: Ecosystem Processes and Modeling for Sustainable Use and Development - page 163

FIGURE 4.9 Effect of pH on hydrolysis rate constants. (From Schnoor, C.J.L., Environmental
Modeling: Fate and Transport of Pollutants in Water, Air, and Soil , Wiley-Interscience, New York,
1996. With permission.)

stable oxidants, such as peroxides, peracids, and ozone. Table 4.41 summarizes some
representative organic chemical oxidation rates. 120
Chemical oxidation reactions occur in natural waters whenever a sufficient level
of oxidant is present. Common oxidants other than dissolved oxygen are chlorine
and ozone. The general form of the chemical oxidation equation is given in Section
4.2.4. According to Ambrose et al. 78 chemical oxidation can be modeled as a general
second-order process for the various species and phases of each chemical as referred
to in Section 4.2.4.

4.2.3.6 Photolysis

Photolysis refers to the breakdown of chemicals due to the radiant energy of light. Light
transforms compounds by two general modes. The first, called direct photolysis, occurs
through absorption of light by the compound itself. The second, called sensitized or
indirect photolysis, represents a group of processes that are initiated through light