Geoscience Reference
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environmental processes in the real world into a set of relationships and equations to quantify a
physical process. The process model can offer both a predictive and an explanatory capability that is
inherent in the proposed processes. The output from a process model is typically a set of equations
that can be used for predictive purposes.
1 0 . 8 S U M M A R y
GISs provide the necessary tools to manage, integrate, and analyze geophysical and nongeophysical
information for the purpose of improving agricultural practices. In particular, as the employment
of precision agriculture techniques continues to grow, there is expected to be an increasing need to
input geophysical data into the GIS used to make decisions regarding how to best manage different
areas of a farm field for fertilizer or pesticide application, tillage, irrigation, among other applica-
tions. Consequently, GIS is likely to play a greater and greater role in enhancing the usefulness of
geophysical data collected in agricultural settings.
RefeRenCeS
Bernhardsen, T., Geographic information systems—An introduction, Second edition, John Wiley & Sons,
Hoboken, NJ, 2002, 428 p.
Bolstad, P., GIS fundamentals: A first text on geographic information systems, Second edition, Eider Press,
White Bear Lake, MN, 2005, 543 p.
Bossler, J.B., Ed., Manual of geospatial science and technology, Taylor & Francis, New York, 2002, 623 p.
Chang, K.T., Introduction to geographic information systems, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2002, 348 p.
Chrisman, N., Exploring geographic information systems, Second edition, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ,
2002, 305 p.
DeMers, M.N., Fundamentals of geographic information systems, Third edition, John Wiley & Sons, Hobo-
ken, NJ, 2005, 468 p.
Lo, C.P., and Yeung, A.K.W., Concepts and techniques of geographic information systems, Prentice Hall,
Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2002, 492 p.
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