Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
d
c
a
b
0 m 2
c
b
0 m 10
0 cm 20
a
0 cm 2
Fig. 4.16
Field outcrop sketches illustrating multi-scale
reservoir architecture
(
a
) Sandstone and siltstone lamina-sets from a weakly-
bioturbated heterolithic sandstone
(
b
) Sandy and muddy bed-sets in a tidal deltaic lithofacies
(
c
) Prograding sedimentary sequences from a channelized
tidal delta
(
d
) Fault deformation fabric around a normal fault
through an inter-bedded sandstone and silty clay sequence
(Redrawn from Ringrose et al.
2008
, The Geological
Society, London, Special Publications 309
#
Geological
Society of London [2008])
deposition, namely lamina, laminasets, beds and
bedsets. Miall (
1985
) showed how the range of
sedimentary bedforms can be defined by a series
of bounding surfaces from a 1st order surface
bounding the laminaset to 4th (and higher)
order surfaces bounding, for example, composite
point-bars in fluvial systems.
Figure
4.16
illustrates the geological hierarchy
for a heterolithic sandstone reservoir. Lamina-
scale, lithofacies-scale and sequence-stratigraphic
scale elements can be identified. In addition to the
importance of correctly describing the sedimen-
tary length scales, structural (Fig.
4.16d
) and dia-
genetic processes act
to modify the primary
depositional fabric.
At the most elemental level we are interested
in the pore scale (Fig.
4.17
) - the rock pores that
contain fluids and determine the multi-phase flow
