Deltaic and estuarine environments - Environmental Sedimentology - page 250

II

III LSD predominantly easterly

Mediterranean
Sea

4

2

I

3

1

A

A

A

B

S

B

F

N

0 50km

Water Quality
S = Salt
B = Brackish
F = Fresh

Sand barrier

Former distributaries

Cairo

See table for descriptons for letters, numbers
and roman numerals

Marshland

Erosional sectors
Site Erosion rate (m yr − 1 ) Measurement period Reference

1 >50 1909 to late twentieth century Stanley & Warne (1998)

>100 1971 to mid-1990s Frihy (1996)

113 1985-1991 White & El Asmar (1999)

52-88* 1971-1990 Frihy et al. (2002)

3-13† 1990-2000 Frihy et al. (2002)

118.6 1984-2000 Ahmed (2002)

18-230 Last century Ahmed (2002)

2 Unspecified 1909 to late twentieth century Stanley & Warne (1998)

10 1909 to mid-1990s Frihy (1996)

10 1971-1990 Frihy et al. (2002)

15 1984-1991 White & El Asmar (1999)

3 6.5 1971 to mid-1990s Frihy (1996)

1.3 1909-1989 El-Fishawi (1994)

2.1 1984-1991 White & El Asmar (1999)

4 6.5 1971 to mid-1990s Frihy (1996)

3.8 1909-1989 El-Fishawi (1994)

5.0 1984-1991 White & El Asmar (1999)

*Pre-defence construction in 1990. First figure to west of promontory, second to east.
†Post-defence construction. First figure to west of promontory, second to east.
Accretional sectors
Site Accretion rate (m yr − 1 ) Measurement period Reference

A Up to 13 1971 to mid-1990s Frihy (1996)

14 1971-1990 Frihy et al. (2002)

B Unspecified 1909 to late twentieth century Stanley & Warne (1998)

Offshore sediment transport
Site To offshore (m 3 yr − 1 )

Measurement period Reference

3.2 × 10 6

I Current McManus (2002)

1.48 × 10 6 II Current McManus (2002)

1.8 × 10 6 III current McManus (2002)

Case Fig. 7.2 The Nile delta showing areas of erosion and accretion: LSD, longshore drift. (Modified from Carter 1988, p. 483.)