Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Case study
Catchment
area
(km
2
)
Topography
Land use/cover Geology and
Soil type
Climate
Nyumba Ya
Mungu
(NYM)
Reservoir
catchment
in the
upstream
part of the
Pangani
River
catchment
12,000
Plains -
mountainous
Actively
induced
vegetation,
forest, bushland
and thickets
with some
alpine desert
and agricultural
land for
farming
Neogene
Volcanic and pre-
Cambrian
metamorphic
rocks extensively
covered by
superficial
Neogene deposits
including
calcareous
tuffaceosus; Clay
with moderate to
good drainage
Semi arid -
humid
Koka
Reservoir
catchment
(KRC)
11,000
Rugged
Agricultural
land for
farming, Acacia
and eucalyptus
trees are
prevailing ones
Sedimentary
rocks such as
limestone and
sandstone; clay,
sand and tuff
Tropical
Simiyu
River
catchment
(SRC)
10,659
Relatively flat
Agricultural
land for
farming,
grassland for
grazing, and
bushland.
Dominated by
Precambrian
rocks and some
quaternary
sediments; There
are also some
extensive areas
overlain by recent
alluvial deposits;
sandy loam
covers a large
part of the
catchment
Warm
tropical
savannah
climate/
Diverse
Table 1. Major characteristics of the three study cases in Eastern Africa
Case study 3, the Simiyu River catchment (SRC), is located in the northern part of Tanzania
southeast of Lake Victoria (Figure 1 & Table 1). It covers an area of 10,659 km
2
and is located
between the coordinates 33
o
15'00” E, 02
o
30'00” S and 35
o
00'00” E, 03
o
30'00” S. The SRC is
occupied by about one million inhabitants. The catchment is mainly covered by agricultural
land for farming, grassland for grazing, and bushland. The Simiyu River flows from the
Serengeti National Park Plains to Lake Victoria in the downstream region. The two major
tributaries of the Simiyu River are Simiyu-Duma and Simiyu-Ndagalu and they merge
shortly before the Simiyu River enters Lake Victoria. The river is characterized as ephemeral
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