Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
numerical groundwater flow model. The test areas for groundwater recharge north-
east of Wismar (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany) is calculated to 24% of the
recent average annual precipitation of 600 mm in the test area, and its submarine
groundwater discharge is modelled to 14% of the precipitation. Based on climate
scenarios calculated by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute
(SMHI) and the Hadley Centre (HC), three sea level scenarios in combination with
four precipitation scenarios are modelled for steady-state groundwater conditions in
order to assess potential response in discharge. The modelled scenarios indicate that
changes in groundwater recharge as a consequence of climate-induced changes in
precipitation lead to notable variations of submarine groundwater discharge.
The base for modelling and management is a continuous
monitoring
(Part VIII)
of the marine system, and during the last decade, remote sensing methods have
been developed successfully. Kratzer et al. focus on recent advances in water quality
monitoring of the Baltic Sea using remote sensing techniques in combination with
optical in situ measurements. Here the Baltic Sea ecosystem is observed through
its bio-optical properties, which are defined by the concentration of optical in-water
constituents governing the spectral attenuation of light. The authors explain differ-
ences in the investigation of the marine and the coastal environment. An overview
of existing monitoring approaches is given, and operational online systems are
discussed that combine remote sensing and autonomous in situ measurements.
Acknowledgements
At least two peer reviewers have reviewed each paper. Here, we express our
thanks to their valuable critics and advise for revisions to the authors. The reviewers who have
agreed to be identified are Ole Bennike, Mikael Berglund, Reinhard Dietrich, Martin Ekman, Berit
Eriksen, Rimante Guobyte, Algimantas Grigelis, Matthias Hauff, William W. Hay, Heiko Hüneke,
Antoon Kuijpers, Thomas Leipe, Robert Mokrik, Ralf Otto Niedermeyer, Renate Pilkaityte,
Werner Stackebrandt, Szymon Uscinowicz, Boris Winterhalter, Andrzej Witkowski, and Lovisa
Zillen.
We thank Dr. Teresa Radziejewska for her help in linguistic improvement of some of the papers.
Michal Tomczak provided valuable assistance in the production of this volume; we are greatly
indebted to him for his efforts.
We also acknowledge the support of the Springer Publishing House in the production of this
topic.
This topic is addressed to professionals and students in the geosciences, the social sciences,
economics, and coastal engineering, and decision makers in management of marine systems. The
topic shall not only summarize the state of the art in the investigation of the Baltic Sea basin but also
raise the community's awareness of new interdisciplinary challenges and initiate discussion about
innovative research projects, establishment of international research laboratories, and monitoring
strategies including technical devise design.
During the work on this topic, one of the authors, Prof. Dr. Terry Healy, Hamilton, New Zealand,
has passed away on July 20, 2010. Born on November 28, 1944, he has left the international
stage of science much too early. We, his colleagues and friends, will keep the remembrance of an
outstanding scientist and above all a wonderful person.
