Gauss and UTM Conformal Projections and the Plane Rectangular Coordinate System - Geodesy: Introduction to Geodetic Datum and Geodetic Systems - page 282

Fig. 6.8 Shapes of the
meridian and parallel
projections

y decreases; when B is negative, sin( cosB; thus the

opposite sign of value x equals the value of y. Hence, the projected meridians curve
towards the central meridian and converge towards the poles. The meridian pro-
jections are also symmetrical with respect to the central meridian and equator.

B) ﾼ sinB and cos( B) ﾼ

Parallel Projection

Here, B constant and x and y vary only with l. When the value of l increases, that

of x and y also increases; when l is negative, the value of x is the same while the
value of y has an opposite sign because x is the even power function of l and y is the
odd power function of l. So, the parallels are projected as curves that are symmet-
rical in relation to the x-axis and bending towards the poles.

ﾼ

Symmetry of the Meridian and Parallel Projections

To sum up, the meridians and parallels on the ellipsoid symmetrical about the
central meridian and equator are projected as curves symmetrical with respect to the
x-axis and y-axis.