Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
SAPOS Network in Germany
The SAPOS (German Satellite Positioning Service) network consists of over
100 permanent GPS tracking stations. It provides four different levels of services:
meter-level real-time differential GPS (precision, 1-3 m); centimeter-level real-
time differential GPS (precision, 1-5 cm); near-real-time positioning (precision,
1 cm); and high-precision geodetic positioning (precision, better than 1 cm).
Other European countries with even a relatively small territory such as Finland
and Switzerland have also established permanent GPS tracking networks with
functions similar to the above-mentioned networks. As the datum for national
geographic information systems, these tracking networks provide the scientific
data for GPS differential positioning, navigation, geodynamics, and atmosphere.
COSMOS in Japan
COSMOS is the acronym for Continuously Operational Strain Monitoring System
with GPS.
In Asia, Japan has established an integrated service system, namely the GPS
Earth Observation Network System (GeoNet), which consists of almost 1,200
continuously operating GPS stations between which the average distance is about
30 km. This kind of grid, set up by the Japan Geographical Survey Institute, is an
important national infrastructure for Japan. It mainly serves to carry out crustal
monitoring and earthquake prediction, to form a high-precision kinematic national
geodetic control network, to meet the needs of mapping and GIS data collection and
updating, and to provide a service for departments of meteorology and atmosphere
to carry out studies on GPS atmospherics.
CORS Networks in China
With the advancement of information technology, the rapid development of com-
puter networks and communication technology, and the actualization of
e-government, e-commerce, digital city, digital provinces, and digital Earth, there
is a need for various real-time geospatial data to be collected. Therefore, it becomes
more urgent and necessary for China to develop CORS networks. In recent years,
different domestic industries have successively established some specialized con-
tinuously operating satellite positioning networks. Currently, to satisfy the needs
for information for national economic development, a large number of cities,
provinces, and industries are planning to establish similar continuously operating
network systems. A boom in building CORS networks is coming.
The first CORS in China was established in Shenzhen (known as SZCORS) and
has already started its all-round measurement. Some provinces and cities in China,
such as Guangdong, Jiangsu, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Dongguan,
Chengdu, Wuhan, Kunming, and Chongqing, have initially established or are
establishing similar provincial and municipal CORS .
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