Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 17.23 Time sequence X-ray diffraction profiles for toluene uptake on natural montmoril-
lonite clay suspended in groundwater (Cosultchi et al.
2004
). Reprinted from Cosultchi et al.
(
2004
). Copyright (2004) with permission from Elsevier
shows the XRD profiles observed for crude oil retention on montmorillonite clay
during increasing time sequences. An increase in d-spacing is observed at the
beginning of crude oil-clay contact, followed by a decrease due to evaporation,
but the d-spacing value (12.11 Å) after 216 h of contact is smaller than that of the
original clay. The clay changes are observed in the morphology of crude oil-clay
materials (Fig.
17.24
).
