Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1.4
Dissolved inorganic substances in groundwater (Freeze and Cherry
1979
)
Category
Components
Major constituents
([5 mg/L)
Bicarbonate, calcium, carbonic acid, chloride, magnesium, silicon,
sodium, sulfate
Minor constituents
(0.01-10.0 mg/L)
Boron, carbonate, fluoride, iron, nitrate, potassium, strontium
Selected trace constituents
(\0.1 mg/L)
Aluminum, arsenic, barium, bromide, cadmium, chromium, cobalt,
copper, gold, iodide, lead, lithium, manganese, molybdenum,
nickel, phosphate, radium, selenium, silver, tin, titanium,
uranium, vanadium, zinc, zirconium
individual components, can be found in groundwater in concentrations exceeding
concentrations stipulated by environmental protection agencies. In addition,
inorganic polymers, various natural ligands (e.g., bio-exudates), or surfactants also
may serve as mediators that shuttle organic pollutants toward groundwater via the
vadose zone.
Groundwater may contain dissolved gases as a result of exposure to the surface
environment prior to water infiltration, contact with the subsurface gaseous phase,
and gas produced biologically below the water table. The most important dissolved
gas in groundwater is CO
2
.
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