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Fig. 8.18 Gas chromatographs of a neat kerosene and b kerosene dissolved in aqueous solution.
Reprinted from Dror et al. ( 2002 ). Copyright 2002 with permission of Elsevier
and dissolved or suspended waste and sludge is obtained. The solubility of the
contaminants in the water solution is affected by the presence of potential organic
ligands and surfactants, electrolytes, and cosolvents; therefore, measurements
represent an ''apparent solubility'' that differs from the theoretical solubility.
Surfactants are major compounds that reach the subsurface alone or accom-
panying other contaminants. Their effect depends highly on the solution chemistry.
For example, Park and Bielefeldt ( 2003 ) report the partitioning of Tergitol, a
nonionic surfactant, and pentachlorophenol (PCP), from NAPL to an aqueous
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