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the existing network of settlements and even for the establishment of new ones (such
as new tourist centres for examples).
However, because of the lack of affirmed concept and a long-term develop-
ment programme, implementation of demographic and migration policies aimed at
improvement of the demographic structures of the population and its spatial distri-
bution is impossible. Special attention has to be paid to the stimulation of so-called
central villages, through activation of their administrative function, economy and
their service sector. In villages with rich and fertile arable land, the predominant
growing of well-paid agricultural plants should be sought, so that farming becomes
the main income source for the majority of the population. Mountain pastures and
their rational use in cattle breeding, represent an additional reserve for economic
activation of rural settlements. Sustaining of scattered and small-sized villages in
mountain areas is inappropriate and unjustified.
Considering the importance of permanent residency, the comparatively well-
developed network of settlements in our mountains, together with the settlements'
role in the process of optimal nature resources utilization and the further nature pro-
ductivity growth, the national authorities need to aim their activities at improvement
of the demographic situation and the network of settlements in mountainous areas.
In order to achieve these goals, the following needs to be done:
1. Development of a complete, scientifically based, demographic strategy for spa-
tial development of mountainous population, in accordance with the goals of
regional development of the country.
2. Estimation of the optimal number of population capacity of each hypsomet-
ric belt in order to avoid further depopulation of the mountains, especially in
the high mountain areas, by providing conditions for rational nature resources
exploitation, and protection of nature reproduction potential.
3. Detailed geodemographic research and prognostication of the reproduction abil-
ities of the population, together with pointing out the actions necessary for
normalization of the age structure and reaching zero natural decrease or even
natural increase of the population, in all mountains and their inner regions.
4. Development of migration policy concept aimed at mountainous population,
in accordance with the general migration policy of the country, and in accor-
dance with the specific natural, demographic, socio-economic and environmental
conditions in each mountain and inner mountainous regions.
5. Complex evaluation, typology and classification of mountainous settlements,
together with a developed concept for settlements network improvement, appro-
priate to the changes that have occurred and to the further requirements for spatial
organization development and the various needs of the population.
6. Creation of a concept for demographic development and support of small
towns and central villages with favourable economic-geographic location in
order to achieve rational utilization of the residential, public and industrial
infrastructure.
7. Development of legislation base and a plan for granting certain mountain villages
a status of towns (for example, Tsareva livada, Ruen, Garmen, Satovcha, etc.).
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