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table 13.2 (continued) Cis -regulatory motif present in different stress-regulated
plants promoter
Hormone/
stress
ID
Origin species
Sequence
Reference
WINPSTPIIIK
Wound;
wounding
Solanum
tuberosum
(potato)
AAGCGTAAGT
Palm et al.
(1990)
WRECSAA01
Wound;
AAO and
wounding
Cucumis sativas
AAWGTATCSA
Palm et al.
(1990)
WRKY71OS
WRKY; GA;
MYB; W
box; TGAC
and PR
proteins
Oryza sativa ;
Petroselinum
crispum
(parsley)
TGAC
Zhang et al.
(2004)
essential to regulate the transcription of growth- and stress-
related genes. Understanding how transcription factors and pre-
initiation complex bind to these elements is not only necessary
but also the coordination between them in stress gene expres-
sion is an indispensable factor. General cofactors are frequently
associated in gene stimulation to expedite the communication
between gene-specific transcription factors and components
of the general transcription machinery (Figure 13.3). These
general cofactors include TAFs found in TFIID and mediator.
Other than these general cofactors, TBP-containing and TBP-
non-containing complexes also influence the gene expression
during development and stress condition (Baumann et al., 2010;
Juven-Gershon and Kadonaga, 2010).
tBp-associated
factors
The TFIID multi-subunit protein complex is thought to be the
main component of the pre-initiation complex responsible for
promoter recognition and its binding is considered as being the
key rate-limiting step in controlling the core promoter activ-
ity. The TFIID complex is composed of TBP and 15 TAFs
(Albright and Tjian, 2000; Lago et al., 2004). TAFs reveal sig-
nificant structural and functional conservation between yeast
mammals and plants (Lago et  al., 2004). Certain TAFs are
involved in core promoter recognition. Thus, the same core
promoter recognition factor can interact differently with dis-
tinct core promoters potentially providing a mechanism of
how core promoter architecture can contribute to differential
gene activity (Smale and Kadonaga, 2003). Whole-genome
analysis of temperature-sensitive mutants of TAFs in budding
 
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