Phytostabilization of arsenic - In-Situ Remediation of Arsenic-Contaminated Sites - page 60

Table 3.1. Plant species and families with a low [As] shoot and a high [As] root , suggesting that they are
suitable for As phytostabilization.

Plant family Plant species Reference

Asteraceae Baccharis neglecta Mendez and Maier (2008b)

Cyperaceae Scirpus holoschoenus Otones et al . (2011)

Chenopodiaceae Atriplex lentiformis Mendez and Maier (2008b)

Ericaceae Rhododendron tomentosum Bergqvist and Greger (2012)

Fabaceae Lupinus albus Vázquez et al . (2006)

Fabaceae Retama sphaerocarpa Moreno-Jiménez et al . (2011)

Fabaceae Ulex europaeus Craw et al . (2007)

Griseliniaceae Griselinia littoralis ”

Myrtaceae Eucalyptus cladocalyx King et al . (2008)

Myrtaceae Leptospermum scoparium Craw et al . (2007)

Onagraceae Fuchsia excorticate ”

Poaceae Agrostis capillaries ”

Poaceae Anthoxanthum odoratum ”

Scrophulariaceae Veronica beccabunga Bergqvist and Greger (2012)

Salicaceae Salix atrocinerea Otones et al . (2011)

Violaceae Viola allchariensis Stefanovic et al . (2010)

” Viola arsenica ”

” Viola macedonia ”

Table 3.2. Concentration of As [mg L − 1 ] in leachates before and after treatment with organic matter
amendments ( ± SE).

As (DW) [mg kg − 1 ]

Organic matter

Soil amendment Before treatment After treatment Reference

Mine tailings Compost 0.089 ± 0.06 0.424 ± 0.05 Renella et al . (2008)

” Sewage sludge, unlimed 18.78 ± 3.62 17.68 ± 2.20 Stolz and Greger (2002)

” Sewage sludge, limed 19.14 ± 2.76 64.10 ± 12.01 Stolz and Greger (2002)

Brownfield Compost ∼ 8 ∼ 55 Clemente et al . (2010)

Agriculture Compost 1.84 1.91 De La Fuente et al . (2010)

these results (Nielsen et al ., 2011). Similarly, amendments rich in iron oxides, based on by-
products from the steel industry, reduced the availability of As in low-As-polluted agricultural soils
(0-20 mg As kg − 1 ) (De La Fuente et al ., 2010; Gutierrez et al ., 2010). These amendments
are all relatively cheap, especially the steel industry by-products. If large areas, for example,
of agricultural land, need to be amended, the cost-effectiveness of the project is important.
The cost and efficiency of an amendment will determine whether its application is feasible.
Calcium-based amendments have also been found to significantly reduce the amount of plant-
available As (Gutierrez et al ., 2010).

3.6.2 Unsuitable or inefficient amendments for arsenic stabilization
As opposed to iron-based amendments, additions of organic matter generally increase or do not
affect the mobility of As. For example, the addition of biosolids increased the leaching of As
from neutral mine tailings (Pond et al ., 2005). Phytostabilization of a former mine site using
compost, beringite, and zerovalent iron grit amendments proved successful for Cd, Pb, Mn, and
Zn, but not for As, the mobility of which was higher in the treated than the untreated site (Renella
et al ., 2008) ( Table 3.2 ). The authors conclude that a possible explanation for the increase in As